Does circumcision Remove pleasure?

The 1++, 2++, and 2+ studies uniformly found that circumcision had no overall adverse effect on penile sensitivity, sexual arousal, sexual sensation, erectile function, premature ejaculation, ejaculatory latency, orgasm difficulties, sexual satisfaction, pleasure, or pain during penetration.2013-08-12

What is female circumcision in Egypt?

Most Egyptian women are circumcised in the first or second degrees. The practice probably originated in Pharaonic Egypt, in which it was invested with mythological significance. Islamic tradition has reinforced the practice because of the belief that it attenuates sexual desire in women. The legal status is ambiguous.

Does circumcision make it more pleasurable?

Results: There were no significant differences in sexual drive, erection, ejaculation, and ejaculation latency time between circumcised and uncircumcised men. Masturbatory pleasure decreased after circumcision in 48% of the respondents, while 8% reported increased pleasure.

How much pleasure does circumcision remove?

For the glans penis, circumcised men reported decreased sexual pleasure and lower orgasm intensity. They also stated more effort was required to achieve orgasm, and a higher percentage of them experienced unusual sensations (burning, prickling, itching, or tingling and numbness of the glans penis).

Can a female be born circumcised?

There are more than 110 million circumcised females worldwide. It is most prevalent on the African continent’s equatorial band (Figure 3). Its prevalence varies from over 90% in Somalia to less than 10% in Arabic nations. Overall, 15% of these surgeries worldwide include infibulations.

Does being circumcised decrease pleasure?

Conclusion: The highest-quality studies suggest that medical male circumcision has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensitivity, sexual sensation, or satisfaction.2013-08-12

Can you be born with a circumcised?

ABSTRACT Aposthia (natural circumcision) is the condition of being born without a prepuce. Usually sporadic cases are reported in the medical literature. In this paper for the first time we present the ge netic profile of 3 families with aposthia trait and discuss the possible genetics.2007-04-15

What is the purpose of a Clitorectomy?

Medical uses A clitoridectomy is often done to remove malignancy or necrosis of the clitoris. This is sometimes done along with a radical complete vulvectomy. Surgery may also become necessary due to therapeutic radiation treatments to the pelvic area. Removal of the clitoris may be due to malignancy or trauma.

What age is FGM performed in Egypt?

FGM in Egypt is usually performed at any time between birth and the age of 17. Prevalence among young girls is low, but increases significantly from the age of 9, with most girls undergoing the practice at or before puberty.

What is the difference between FGM and circumcision?

Abstract: The non-therapeutic alteration of children’s genitals is typically discussed in two separate ethical discourses: one for girls, in which such alteration is conventionally referred to as “female genital mutilation” (or FGM), and one for boys, in which it is conventionally referred to as “male circumcision.” 2015-10-03

At what age should a woman be circumcised?

Although circumcision may be performed during infancy, during adolescence or even during a woman’s first pregnancy, the procedure is usually carried out on girls between ages four and 12.1997-09-02

At what age range is female circumcision most commonly performed?

FGM is usually carried out on young girls between infancy and the age of 15, most commonly before puberty starts.

Does circumcision increase female pleasure?

Over 97% of women reported no change or an improvement in sexual satisfaction, compared to only 3% of women who reported less sexual satisfaction after their partner’s circumcision. A study conducted by Coates et al. [10] concluded that circumcision had no effect on female partner’s perception of sexual satisfaction.2009-11-10

What is female circumcision vs male?

FGM is often referred to as female circumcision. This term implies a comparable practice to male circumcision. However, the degree of excision and trauma involved in FGM is generally much more extensive, including the actual removal of genital organs.

Where is FGM widely practiced?

Girls and women who have undergone FGM live predominately in sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab States, but FGM is also practiced in select countries in Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America. It is also practiced among migrant populations throughout Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. (See more.)2022-02-06

What is the difference between female and male circumcision?

There is a significantly different intent of the two procedures. Male circumcision is done for cultural or religious reasons, but female circumcision reflects an underlying message about the status of women and an intention to affect their sexual function and behavior.

Female genital mutilation – Wikipedia

Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision, is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the external female genitalia.The practice is found in some countries of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, and within communities abroad from countries in which FGM is common.

Female "Circumcision" – PMC

Female circumcision is illegal in several African and European countries and in Canada. As of September 1997, it will be illegal in the United States to circumcise females under the age of 18 (Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act of 1995. H.R. 941, ).

What Is Female Circumcision Procedure? – chicagojewishnews.com

What Is Female Circumcision Procedure? Kids between the ages of 0 and 14. Using both female genital cutting and female genital bleeding in combination with female circumcision, this ritual is a ritual removal of some or most of the external female genitalia by females. Table of contents how do you know if a woman is circumcised?

Female Circumcision Photos and Premium High Res Pictures

1,074 Female Circumcision Photos and Premium High Res Pictures – Getty Images FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO childbirth 1,074 Female Circumcision Premium High Res Photos Browse 1,074 female circumcision stock photos and images available, or search for childbirth to find more great stock photos and pictures. of 18 NEXT

Female Circumcision – The Truth About What Happens in the

Two women who do the cutting during female circumcisions sat down for an interview with the Daily Mail. They described exactly what it is they do, often in backstreets or in dark dirty rooms. They still perform female mutilation even though it’s illegal.

PDF Female Circumcision: The History, the Current Prevalence

Female Circumcision: The History, the Current Prevalence and the Approach to a Patient Jewel Llamas April 2017 Introduction Female circumcision, also known as female genital mutilation (FGM) or female genital cutting (FGC), is practiced in many countries spanning parts of Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

Female Circumsion | The Difference between Female

Female circumcision is a taboo subject. The immediate reaction to its mention is to evoke revulsion. It’s bad, it’s vile, it’s abusive, it’s barbaric, it’s an oppression of women. In fact it’s so bad, one could run out of adjectives to describe its evil and still not be able to exaggerate it.

Female genital mutilation – World Health Organization

Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The practice is mostly carried out by traditional practitioners.

17 Bizarre Images Of Female Circumcision Ceremony In Kenya

To UNICEF, female circumcision is “a violation of the human rights of girls and women”. This led to their great move towards the eradication of the unpleasant practice. The atrocious practice can be intensely painful and can also come out horrendously wrong, thus leading to haemorrhage, shock and complications in childbirth.

Nigerian man posts photos of female circumcision on

Lagos, Nigeria CNN — A Nigerian man has caused outrage after he posted graphic pictures on Facebook showing children apparently being circumcised. The man, who calls himself Alhaji Adebayo, posted

Why Some Women Choose to Get Circumcised – The Atlantic

FGC, as it is abbreviated, involves an elder or other community member slicing off all or part of a woman’s clitoris and labia as part of a ceremony that is often conducted around the time that the

What Is The Reason For Female Circumcision

How Does Circumcision Benefit The Female Partner? Those who have partners who are circumcised have a lower risk of developing human papillomavirus, genital ulcers, herpes simplex virus types 2 and 6, as well as syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, and T vaginalis.Changes in a male partner’s anatomy are likely to have caused this, causing a lower

Medical benefits of female circumcision – Islam Question

Circumcision reduces excessive sensitivity of the clitoris which may cause it to increase in size to 3 centimeters when aroused, which is very annoying to the husband, especially at the time of intercourse. Another benefit of circumcision is that it prevents stimulation of the clitoris which makes it grow large in such a manner that it causes pain.

Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique

Properly carried out, circumcision should bring improvement to 85 to 90 per cent of cases – with resulting cure of psychosomatic illness and prevention of divorces. Circumcision of the female is not a new subject. Early writings testify that this problem was known and discussed by physicians of the Roman Empire.

Designer Vaginas: Is Female Circumcision Coming Out of the

Female circumcision, also known as female genital cutting (FGC) or the more demonized female genital mutilation (FGM), is defined by the World Health Organization as “all procedures involving

Female Genital Mutilation – YouTube

Nancy Durrell McKenna presents a series of her photographs that capture women in African communities such as Uganda, Ethiopia and Djibouti, where female geni

Before and After Circumcision Surgery Images

Circumcision Surgery – Before And After Pictures. For adult circumcision, I use the sleeve resection technique in which the foreskin is removed as a single ring of tissue utilizing a scalpel. In my opinion, this gives a symmetrical, fine incision line. In addition to a refined scar line, this technique allows the final result to be customized

The act of female circumcision in Africa – Superb Grades

Female Circumcision In Africa, the act of female circumcision, the partial cutting away of the external female genitalia, is used as a rite of passage to prepare the young girls in a family for womanhood and marriage (Althaus). Though this may be a religious practice, the act itself is used without any form of sedative… Continue reading The act of female circumcision in Africa

Female genital cutting or circumcision (FGC) – Better

Female genital cutting or circumcision (FGC) involves the cutting or altering of the external female genital organs. FGC is a traditional cultural practice rather than a religious practice, and its origins are unknown. The practice can be found in communities and certain ethnic groups in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and South America.

Female Circumcision Videos and HD Footage – Getty Images

Find professional Female Circumcision videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality.

The distinction between male and female circumcision | Go

Female circumcision is a ritual cutting or alteration of the clitoral glans (external portion of the clitoris), labia minora, or labia majora. It’s most often performed between the ages of four and ten years for cultural or religious reasons.

Female Circumcision High Resolution Stock Photography and

Participants in a female circumcision ceremony line up in Ubangi-Shari (Oubangi Chari), a French colony in central Africa, now part of the Central African Republic. Female circumcision (now often termed female genital mutilation) which is the partial or t ID: G3C1H0 (RM) Young Kenyan man calls for an end to female genital mutilation

The culture of female circumcision

The issue of female circumcision takes on special significance as more women migrate to the United States from countries where the practice has religious and traditional underpinnings. Female circumcision is a problem unfamiliar to most Western health care practitioners. This article describes an et …

Female genital mutilation or cutting | Office on Women's

Researchers estimate more than 513,000 girls and women in the U.S. have experienced or are at risk of FGM/C. 1 Worldwide, as many as 140 million girls and women alive today have been cut. 2 FGM/C is often a part of the culture in countries where it is practiced. But FGM/C has no health benefits and can cause long-term health problems.

female genital cutting | ritual surgical procedure

female genital cutting (FGC), also called female genital mutilation (FGM), female circumcision, excision, clitoridectomy, or infibulation, ritual surgical procedure that is traditional in some societies. FGC has been practiced by a wide variety of cultures and as a result includes a number of related procedures and social meanings. The term female genital cutting refers to a wide continuum of

Female Genital Mutilation: Health Consequences and

Female circumcision (FC) or female genital mutilation (FGM) describes practices that manipulate, alter, or remove the external genital organs in young girls and women [ 1 ]. The procedure is performed using a blade or shard of glass by a religious leader, town elder, or a medical professional with limited training.

Circumcision – Wikipedia

Circumcision has a protective effect against the risks of penile cancer in men, and cervical cancer in the female sexual partners of heterosexual men. Penile cancer is rare, with about 1 new case per 100,000 people per year in developed countries, and higher incidence rates per 100,000 in sub-Saharan Africa (for example: 1.6 in Zimbabwe, 2.7 in

Yes to female circumcision? – antropologi

Supporters of female circumcision justify the practice on much of the same grounds that they support male circumcision, she says: The uncircumcised clitoris and penis are considered homologous aesthetically and hygienically: Just as the male foreskin covers the head of the penis, the female foreskin covers the clitoral glans.

Female genital mutilation (FGM) – NHS

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure where the female genitals are deliberately cut, injured or changed, but there’s no medical reason for this to be done. It’s also known as female circumcision or cutting, and by other terms, such as sunna, gudniin, halalays, tahur, megrez and khitan, among others.

Female Genital Mutilation/Female Circumcision Reference

Source: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the United States: Updated Estimates of Women and Girls at Risk, 2012 What are the medical complications of female circumcision? Along with emotional trauma, girls and women are at risk for severe pain and bleeding, infection, and even death.

The Tradition of Female Circumcision – Information Parlour

Female Circumcision is widely known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) or Female Cutting. This tradition was practiced in some ethnic groups and religion, has been wiped off by some laws and still in practice in some countries. This act is deeply rooted in the Islamic region; thus, its practice in some Islamic countries. FGM according to WHO (1997) is the total or partial removal of the

5 Things You Need to Know About Female Circumcision and

FGM is a broad term that encapsulates different types of female circumcision —clitoridectomy, excision, infibulation, and other forms such as incising, scraping, or pricking the genital area

Clitoridectomy and Female Circumcision in America

CHICAGO — Clitoridectomy and female circumcision, practices often labeled as female genital mutilations, are not just controversial cultural rites performed in foreign countries. A new book from a Northwestern Medicine® medical historian reports that American physicians treated women and girls for masturbation by removing the clitoris from

Female Circumcision Photos and Premium High Res Pictures

Browse 1,048 female circumcision stock photos and images available, or search for childbirth to find more great stock photos and pictures. zero tolerance for female genital mutilation. stop female genital mutilation. zero tolerance for fgm. stop female circumcision, female cutting stock illustration – female circumcision stock illustrations.

Female Circumcision in the Philippines: A Controversial

Female circumcision is a source of bitter international controversy, a public health concern in many countries because of its harmful effects on women. In the Philippines, it occurs in at least several communities in Zamboanga, Basilan, and Sulu, a practice locals call pag-islam or tuli. However, some experts argue that pag-islam differs significantly from documented practices of female

Girl Getting Female Circumcision As Ordered By The Koran

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'FGM happened to me in white, midwest America' | US news

Female genital mutilation is mostly associated with African cultures, and non-Christian religions, but my FGM happened in white, midwest America. It took place in a church clinic that used a

Female Circumcision | GLOWM

Circumcision is derived from the Latin word circumcisio, which means to cut around or to excise in a circumferential manner, or “circular abscission of the prepuce or foreskin.” 1 This definition does not translate easily to the female genitals, as the clitoral prepuce is not a circular tissue, nor is it the sole tissue removed during most female circumcision (FC) procedures.

Nursing Clio Female Circumcision, Clitoridectomy, and

Female circumcision and clitoridectomy in the United States were, to paraphrase Rosenberg, therapies “defined and framed in ways appropriate to both the clinical” (an understanding of the clitoris as a sexual organ) and “the more general contours and needs of the culture” (a narrow understanding of normative female sexual behavior).

What Countries Practice Female Circumcision? – Public Health

What is Female circumcision/ Female genital Mutilation? Female circumcision also known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), is defined as all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia. It also refers to all other procedures that result in injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.

'This is what it's like to pee after female – BBC News

Girls in parts of Tanzania are often forced to undergo female genital mutilation, even though the practice is illegal. Faced with FGM, many had nowhere to turn – until now. A safe house has opened

Female Circumcision in Islam – Ask A Muslim

Circumcision of the Female. [12] Ezzell, Carol (). Anatomy and Sexual Dysfunction . [13] Clitoral Circumcision. Tantra * Kama Sutra * Tantric Sex & Tantric philosophy. [14] Rathmann, W.G., M.D. (September, 1959). Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique. (part 2 of 2): Circumcision amongst Muslims A Difference of Opinion

Male and Female Circumcision – reason.com

The practice of cutting female genitalia without medical necessity is commonly referred to as ‘female genital cutting’, ‘female genital mutilation’ and/or ‘female circumcision’. Sometimes, the

Female Circumcision Can Cause Stillbirth And Infertility

Female circumcision has serious implications for the woman’s sexual and reproductive health. Some immediate complications include: severe pain. shock. hemorrhage. tetanus or infection. urine retention. ulceration of the genital region and injury to adjacent tissue. wound infection.

Female circumcision: history, medical and psychological

Female circumcision – a procedure where the parts of the female genitals are removed, which is also known as female genital cutting (FGC) or female genital mutilation (FGM) – continues to be practiced in more than 28 African countries. It is estimated that 80-100 million women have been circumcised. …

Female Genital Mutilation, Cutting, or Circumcision

Female genital mutilation (FGM), female genital cutting, or female circumcision of women, the theme addressed in this special issue has many terms. The short form acronym FGM is understood by most, and it does contain the notion that we are talking about a traditional practice that is harmful.

Female genital mutilation or cutting | Office on Women's

Female genital mutilation or cutting. Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) means piercing, cutting, removing, or sewing closed all or part of a girl’s or woman’s external genitals for no medical reason. Researchers estimate more than 513,000 girls and women in the U.S. have experienced or are at risk of FGM/C. 1 Worldwide, as many as 140 million girls and women alive today have been

Female Circumcision Pros and Cons – HRF

The 3 Cons of Female Circumcision. The following is the list of reasons that make the practice a disadvantage and harmful to women. 1. Female Circumcision Involves A Number of Side Effects This is one of the cons of female circumcision. The reason behind it may be for a good purpose. On the other hand, women can also be put at risk because of this.

Female Circumcision in Africa: Procedures, Rationales

Female circumcision and female genital mutilation represent the spectrum of surgical operations performed on the genitalia of young girls and women in more than twenty countries in east, west, and central Africa.1 Female genital surgeries also occur in Indonesia and Malaysia and are

Female Genital Mutilation: Sara's Story – Jihad Watch

Female genital mutilation (FGM) involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The practice has no health benefits for girls and women.

Medical benefits of female circumcision – i2 Research Hub

The female gynaecologist Sitt al-Banaat Khaalid says in an article entitled Khitaan al-Banaat Ru’yah Sihhiyyah (Female circumcision from a health point of view): For us in the Muslim world female circumcision is, above all else, obedience to Islam, which means acting in accordance with the fitrah and following the Sunnah which encourages it.

Female genital mutilation in the United States – Wikipedia

Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision or female genital cutting, includes any procedure involving the removal or injury of part or all of external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. While the practice is most common in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, FGM is also widespread in immigrant communities and metropolitan areas in the United States, and was

PDF Female Circumcision in The United States

of female circumcision is a human rights violation, specifically feminist groups in western nations. In the United States, female circumcision is often called female genital mutilation (FGM). This paper will use the lesser morally charged term, female circumcision (FC). With the practice entering the United States through immigration, the already

Female Genital Mutilation – video Dailymotion

1:04. The Cruel Practice Of Female Genital Mutilation. teleSUR English. 8:58. The Truth About British Girls and Female Genital Mutilation. Hatkazoo. 4:10. Stopping female genital mutilation/cutting in Senegal — leading the way. EU in the World.

What is female genital mutilation? 7 questions answered

What is female genital mutilation? Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure performed on a woman or girl to alter or injure her genitalia for non-medical reasons. It most often involves the partial or total removal of her external genitalia. FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s fundamental human rights.

Female Genital Mutilation Survivor: 'My Clitoris And Labia

Female genital mutilation, or FGM, is performed differently in every country and region. Coming from where I do in Sierra Leone, it’s a practice with lots of dark, superstitious rituals, carried

These 27 Short Videos Highlight the Horrors of Female

A new video series that aims to empower survivors and people impacted by female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM) was released on Thursday to honor the United Nation’s International Day of Zero Tolerance Towards FGM.. FGM is the process of intentionally altering or injuring the female genital organs for non-medical reasons that it is practiced across various cultures and religions.

Circumcised or Uncircumcised? How does it feel to a woman

There are several studies supporting the fact that circumcision lowers a man’s risk of getting STDs and STIs such as HIV, syphilis, HPV, genital herpes and gonorrhea. So, if your man is at a lower risk, so are you! Cleanliness- The cleanliness of male genitals seems easier or less complicated than a female’s genitals. But, it is not that

What is FGM, where does it happen and why – BBC News

Female genital mutilation, or FGM for short, is the deliberate cutting or removal of a female’s external genitalia. It often involves the removal or cutting of the labia and clitoris, and the

How Similar Is FGM to Male Circumcision? Readers Debate

Male circumcision cuts the foreskin, FGM cuts the clitoris—the two things cut are not even remotely the same. For male circumcision to be equivalent to FGM, the entire tip of the male’s penis

6 facts about female genital mutilation (FGM) | World Vision

Female genital mutilation is defined as the removal of part or all of the female genitalia for nonmedical reasons. It is also called female circumcision and cutting. The procedure is most often done to girls between birth and age 15.

A Wide Look Into Female Genital Mutilation In Nigeria

Conclusively, the female genital mutilation is a wicked and old tradition that needs to be abolished and eradicated. It’s obvious that female circumcision is criminal act in Nigeria, and that the Nigeria government has been fighting tooth and nail to punch down it influence.

Female genital mutilation | United Nations Population Fund

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, and it is internationally recognized as a human rights violation. Globally, it is estimated that some 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone some form of FGM. Although FGM is declining in the majority of countries where it is prevalent, most of these

Female genital mutilation Images, Stock Photos & Vectors

Female genital mutilation royalty-free images. 309 female genital mutilation stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. See female genital mutilation stock video clips.

Female Circumcision (analysis of the hadiths) – Exploring

Female circumcision is not part of the established sunnah and the only argument for it is based on some ahad (single narrated) hadiths. Analysing these hadiths shows that none of them are in fact categorical enough to be used as a reliable evidence while some also suffer from their weak chains of narrators.

Female Genital Mutilation | Women & Religion

Female Genital Mutilation is the act of partially, or totally, removing the external female genitalia for non-medical purposes. Female Genital Mutilation constitutes four different types with the first being a “minor procedure” and the fourth being the most extreme and detrimental.

Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting (FGM/C) – USCIS

Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting (FGM/C) FGM/C refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It may be called “female circumcision” in some parts of the world. The practice has no health benefits and can lead to a range

Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt – The Borgen Project

While female genital mutilation occurs all over Egypt, girls with lower economic status tend to be more at risk. According to the EHIS data from 2015, 69.8% of women and girls age 15-49 in the highest wealth quintile in Egypt have experienced FGM in comparison to 94.4% of women and girls in the same age range in the lowest quintile.

Female genital mutilation | UNICEF

Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Despite being internationally recognized as a human rights violation, FGM has been performed on at least 200 million girls and women in 31 countries

What is the reason behind Female Genital Mutilation

The Effects of Female Genital Mutilation. Female genital mutilation was in fact a selfish mindless act derived to deprive females of sexual desires and gratification. It is criminal and barbaric. Female genital mutilation is abuse. It is degrading. A depraving act masked in culture. A violation of the human rights of a person.

5 Facts About Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya – The

Overall, female genital mutilation in Kenya has ruined countless lives over many centuries, especially those of young girls on the Eastern border. However, the country’s government strives to promote a prosperous country to counteract the violation of human rights that women have endured.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Statistics – UNICEF Data

Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.”[1] FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights. While the exact number of girls and women worldwide who have undergone FGM remains unknown, at least 200 million girls and women have

Top 5 things you didn't know about female genital mutilation

Female genital mutilation refers to any procedure involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genitals for non-medical reasons. There are four types of FGM: Type I, also called clitoridectomy, involves partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or prepuce.

Female Genital Mutilation: The Status of U.S. Laws

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Female Genital Mutilation, FGM, − frequently referred to as cutting or female circumcision − as “all procedures that involve partial or total removal of external female genitalia, or other injuries cause for non-medical re